What is DNA Paternity Test And How Do We Do It

 DNA Paternity Test

Generally DNA paternity test is  carried out in order to demonstrate whether a man is  is or not is the biological father of another individual.  All this has evolved over time, from the coexistence with the mother to the traits comparison  and the ABO blood type together with the analysis of proteins and antigens.However at present, the effective proof is the genetic test.

 This may have significance in respect of the rights and obligations of the father. In the same way, it is also possible to perform a test of motherhood although this is less common since it is almost always knows the identity of the mother without place to doubts.

The older methods employed the characterization of blood groups, the study of various types of blood proteins and analysis of histocompatibility antigens (human leukocyte antigen HLA).

Today the analysis of DNA has replaced almost completely those methods.

The DNA of an individual is virtually the same in every cell of the body. Sexual reproduction joins the DNA of both parents in a "random way" to create a unique combination of genetic material in a new cell. It is so that the genetic material of a new individual derives from the two parents. This DNA is known as nuclear DNA, since it is found in the nucleus of the cell.

The comparison of DNA sequences of an individual with another can show whether the DNA of one of them derives from the other or not. Specific portions of the DNA are studied to compare their similarity. If those regions are identical, it is found that an individual is the father of the other.

In addition to the nuclear DNA cells have DNA in the mitochondria. Unlike the nuclear, mitochondrial DNA comes only from the mother and does not suffer mixture.

Test a relationship by comparing the mitochondrial genome is easier to do so that through the comparison of the nuclear genome. However only proves if two individuals are related by descent motherly, and therefore is of limited value and cannot be used to prove paternity.

How is the test?
Certain regions of the human DNA  present variations  between individuals. Each of these regions has two genetic types called alleles, one inherited from the father and another of the mother. The DNA test consists to compare several of these regions in the DNA of the child and the alleged father.

To show fatherhood the profile of alleles of the child must be compatible with the father. The accuracy of the test depends on the number of regions (or bookmarks) are analyzed. Some methods compare 6 or 8 markers. This gives a result relatively reliable. However the most compelling evidence employ up to 16 markers. This DNA paternity test is considered the most effective.

This type of DNA testing can easily be obtained through laboratories offer their services on the internet. The interested simply orders his test by computer and receives at  home a kit that consists of sterile cotton swabs with which is rubbed gently the mouth of the child and the alleged father.

The sample is sent by mail to the laboratory where the analysis is done and the results are available in about 5 days. Either by suspicions of infidelity, to resolve a judgment of tenure or by simple curiosity, anyone can do a DNA test at an affordable cost and in the privacy of home.